Category: Direct & indirect speech (пряка и непряка реч)
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Direct and indirect speech: Reporting verb
Reporting verb is the verb which reports the speech. She said, „I am fine.“ (Reporting verb: said) He asked, „Can I have more of that cheese?“ (Reporting verb: asked) She says, „I am going.“ (Reporting verb: says)
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Direct and indirect speech: Rules for the change of adverbs
Words showing nearness in direct speech are normally changed into words showing distance in indirect speech. The most common changes are given below.
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Direct and indirect speech: Reporting hopes, promises and intentions
To report a promise, hope or intention we use an appropriate reporting verb followed by a that-clause or a to-infinitive.
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Direct and indirect speech: Reporting orders, requests and advice
To report orders, requests and suggestions, we normally use a reporting verb like tell with (object) + to infinitive.
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Direct and indirect speech: Reporting questions
In reported questions the subject normally comes before the verb. It is not necessary to use do or did. Question marks are not used in reported questions.
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Indirect speech: Rules for the change of tenses
When the reporting verb is in the past tense, all present tenses within the inverted commas are changed into the corresponding past tenses. Simple present will change into simple past. She said, „I am fine.“ She said that she was fine.
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Direct and indirect speech
There are two main ways of reporting people’s thoughts, words, beliefs etc. Direct speech We can repeat or quote the exact words spoken. This kind of reporting is called direct speech.
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