Functions of the to-infinitive
The to-infinitive as the subject of the sentence.
This is a formal usage and is far more common in written English than spoken: (още…)
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Functions of the to-infinitive
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Gerund (герундий)
The gerund always has the same function as a noun.
A gerund can be the subject in the sentence. Examples:- Walking is good for you.
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Ing-forms, present participles & Gerunds (ing форми, сегашни причастия и герундий)
A verb ending in -ing is either a present participle or a gerund.
These two forms look identical. The difference is in their functions in a sentence.Present participles are part of the continuous tenses.
The helping verb will indicate the tense, while the present participle remains unchanging. (още…) -
Degree modifiers with comparatives and superlatives
We cannot use very with comparatives. Instead we use other degree modifiers like much, far, very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit and even.
- She is much older than her husband. (NOT … very older than …)
- Is he any better?
- Russian is much/far more difficult than Spanish.
- You are no better than him.
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Comparison using superlative adjectives and adverbs
We use the superlative to compare somebody/something with the whole group that she/he/it belongs to.
- Tom is the tallest of the four brothers.
- Gold is the most precious of all metals. (OR Gold is the most precious metal.)
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Comparison using comparative adjectives and adverbs
To say that people, things etc are unequal in a particular way, we can use comparative adjectives/adverbs.
- She is older than me.
- Tom is taller than his brothers.
- Iron is more useful than any other metal.
- He is cleverer than her.
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Comparison using positive adjectives and adverbs
Positive adjectives and adverbs can be used for comparing. Several different grammatical structures are possible.
As … as …
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Degrees of comparison
English adjectives and adverbs commonly distinguish three degrees: the positive (the basic form), the comparative (expressing a higher degree than is present in something else) and the superlative (expressing a maximal degree).
Comparative and superlative adjectives: formation
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The Mixed Conditional
There are two types of mixed conditional sentences. One of them states the present result of a past condition and the other state the past result of a present or continuing condition.
Present result of a past condition
Here we use a past perfect in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause.
- If I had accepted that job I would be a millionaire now.
- If I had married him I would live happy now.
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Type 3 Conditional
Here we use a past perfect in the if-clause and would have + past participle in the result clause.
- If I had won that award, my life would have changed.
- If she had studied science, she would have found a better job.
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