When we talk about future events which have already been planned or decided, or which we can see are on the way, we often use present tenses.
The present progressive is used mostly to talk about personal arrangements and fixed plans, especially when the time and place have been decided. (още…)
| Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|
| I have been writing She has been writing. You have been writing. |
I have not been writing. She has not been writing. You have not been writing. |
Have I been writing? Has she been writing? Have you been writing? |
We use the present perfect progressive to talk about situations which started in the past and are still going on, or which have just stopped and have present results. (още…)
| Affirmative | Negative | Question |
|---|---|---|
| I have written She has written. You have written. |
I have not written. She has not written. You have not written. |
Have I written? Has she written? Have you written? |
We can use the present perfect tense to say that a finished action or event is connected with the present in some way.
Need is used both as an ordinary verb and as an auxiliary verb.
As an ordinary verb need is used in the sense of ‘require’. It has the usual forms needs and needed. Ordinary need is followed by an infinitive with to.
Questions and negatives are made with do.
Ought is a modal auxiliary verb. There is no –s in the third person singular.
Ought is different from other auxiliary verbs. It is used with to
Note that to is dropped in question tags. (още…)
Both must and have to can be used to express the conclusion that something is certain. Note that have to is more common in American English.
Conclusions about the past are usually expressed with must followed by the perfect infinitive (have + past participle).
(още…)Must is a modal auxiliary verb. It has no –s in the third person singular.
Must is followed by an infinitive without to.
An auxiliary verb is one which helps other verbs to make tenses, passive forms etc. There are two groups – primary auxiliaries and modal auxiliaries.
Be, do, have and their various forms are called primary auxiliaries.
(още…)The structure should have + past participle can be used to talk about past events which did not happen.
This structure can also be used to talk about past events which may or may not have happened.
(още…)Should is a modal auxiliary verb. There is no –s in the third person singular.
Should is followed by an infinitive without to. Questions and negatives are made without do.
Note that should is the past equivalent of shall in indirect speech.
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