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Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.

Example: They build houses. – Houses are built. (още…)

After some verbs the direct object can be followed by an object complement – a noun or adjective which describes or classifies the object.

• They elected him their leader.
• The other children called her stupid.
• We all regarded her as an expert.
• Queen Victoria considered him a genius.

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Many verbs can be followed by two objects – an indirect object and a direct object. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object usually refers to a thing. Two structures are possible.

• She gave me (indirect object) a nice gift (direct object).
• She gave a nice gift (direct object) to me (indirect object).

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Not all verbs can have passive forms. Passive structures are not possible with intransitive verbs like die, cry or arrive, which cannot have objects.

• He died yesterday.
• The baby cried aloud.

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Simple Present

Active verb form: write/writes

• He writes a letter.
• I write letters.

Passive verb form: is/am/are + written

• A letter is written by him.
• Letters are written by me.

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When we say what people and things do, we use active verb forms. When we say what happens to people and things – what is done to them – we often use passive verb forms. (още…)